Players can place or buy individual numbers (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) by placing their wager in the come area and telling the dealer, “place the 6″ or “buy the 8″. Both are bets that the number will be rolled before a 7. Place bets are paid at odds slightly worse than true odds for the 6 or 8, but significantly worse for the 4, 5, 9 or 10.
Buying the number results in a payoff at the true odds, but requires a 5% commission to be paid to the casino. Traditionally, the buy bet commission is paid no matter what, but in recent years a number of casinos have changed their policy to charge the commission only when the buy bet wins. This change significantly reduces the house advantage, especially on the 4 and 10, where the effective advantage is reduced by two-thirds because the bet wins one third of the time; this reduces the house advantage to 1.67%, making the buy-4 or buy-10 one of the game’s better bets. This policy is in effect at most casinos in Mississippi, and an increasing number in Las Vegas.
The commission is paid at the rate of a $1 chip for every $20 wagered, but casinos usually charge only $1 for a $25 green-chip bet, or $2 for $50 (two green chips), reducing the house advantage a bit more. Where commission is charged only on wins, the commission is sometimes deducted from the winning payoff — a winning $25 buy bet on the 10 would pay $49, for instance.
A lay bet is the opposite of a buy bet, where a player bets on a 7 to roll before the number that is “laid.” Bets are made in increments of $24 when laying the 6 or 8, $30 when laying the 5 or 9, and $40 when laying the 4 or 10; a $1 commission is charged for each of these increments. Again, the tradition is to charge this commission win or lose, but casinos may opt to charge it only when the bet wins; this is less of an advantage for the player, since the bet wins more often than it loses. Most lay bets are on the 4 or 10.
Number
Place Payoff
Buy Payoff
Lay Payoff
6 or 8
7-6
6-5
5-6
5 or 9
7-5
3-2
2-3
4 or 10
9-5
2-1
1-2
Examples of basic play
Example 1:
Let’s say you put $10 on the pass line. On your come-out roll you get an 11, so you win $10. The game now starts over, with a new come-out roll. You roll a 9, which becomes the point. You decide to bet $10 on the come line before your next roll. On your next roll you get a 6, which is now the point you need to hit in order to win your $10 come bet. Your next roll is a 9, which is the point you needed to hit to win your pass line bet, meaning you just won another $10. You bet $10 on the pass line again, and your new come-out roll is a 7. You win $10 for your pass line bet, but lost the $10 you had previously bet on the come line.
Example 2:
This time you decide to bet on the don’t pass line. You roll a 4, which becomes the point. You bet $10 on the don’t come line, and your next roll is a 7. You lose your don’t come bet, and win your don’t pass bet, so you just broke even. Since you just sevened-out, the player to your left becomes the new shooter.
LAS VEGAS – Struggling with an economy that has gouged gambling profits and cut casino companies’ ability to borrow, MGM Mirage hopes to keep expanding its international hotel and casino empire and fattening its profit — but have other companies foot the bill.
To win a quarter of a pot, usually by tying the low or high hand of a high-low split game. Generally, this is an unwanted outcome, as it seldom wins enough money to cover the amount bet during the hand.
The clock is ticking toward a Monday deadline for Governor Charlie Crist to reach a potentially $150 million deal with the Seminole Tribe to expand gambling in Florida, one that Crist is likely to meet.
The mayor of Las Vegas and the mayor of Reno are upset with the NCAA. The two leaders sent an angry letter to the organization because of a new rule that stops championship games from being played in any state that allows gambling on a single game.
BUENOS AIRES -(Dow Jones)- The Argentine government is working on plans to allow online gambling throughout the country, presidential Cabinet Chief Anibal Fernandez said Wednesday.
In many of the countries where there are large greyhound race tracks with gambling, the dogs live in kennels at or near the track or by their trainers.
In the United States, the kennels are indoor crates stacked two levels high, with the females usually kept on the upper level, and males on the lower level. While the space allocated to each dog varies between locations, typical crate size is 3-1/2 feet wide by 4 feet deep by 3 feet high. While living on the track these dogs will spend most of their time in these kennels.
In several European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland) greyhound racing is carried out by the owners of the dogs without financial interest. This amateur form of the sport is also found in some countries, such as the United States, where professional racing exists. In these countries the dogs often live as pets.
In Australia
In Australia greyhounds live in kennels at night that meet guidelines set by The Greyhound Racing Authorities in Australia, and by day many greyhounds are put into running yards or day yards to keep them entertained and exercised. This is aimed to keep greyhounds as fit, happy, and healthy as possible.
Greyhounds are checked for parasites, mulnurishment, or any other medical conditions by an on-course vet before being able to compete.
The Greyhound Racing Authorities in Australia regulates greyhound welfare and living conditions and all racing authorities in Australia finance Greyhound Adoption Groups, which house dozens of greyhounds a month.
Medical Care
In places that allow gambling on Greyhound racing the owners often treat the dogs as short-term investments. This often means that the care they receive is intended only to help them perform on the track, not for their long-term health. Greyhound adoption groups frequently report that the dogs from the tracks have tooth problems the cause of which is debated although it is likely related to either a low-quality raw meat diet or damage to the gums from chewing on metal cage bars. The groups often also find that the dogs carry tick-borne diseases and parasites due to the lack of proper preventative treatments. Due to the dense living conditions in the kennels, the dogs require regular vaccination to minimize outbreaks of diseases like kennel cough.
After the dogs are no longer able to race (generally, a greyhound’s career will end by the age of three or four), owners either keep the dog for breeding or dispose of the dog. They will sometimes kill the ex-racing greyhounds if they do not want to go through the expense of finding the dogs homes. The ratio of dogs killed to those adopted is greatly debated. There is much debate between the racing industry and anti-racing activists about the quality of the dog’s care making the exact details hard to determine.
Recently, doping has also emerged as a problem in Greyhound racing. The racing industry is actively working to prevent the spread of this practice; attempts are made to recover urine samples from all greyhounds in a race, not just the winners. Greyhounds from which samples can not be obtained for a certain number of consecutive races are subject to being ruled off the track. Violators are subject to criminal penalties and loss of their racing licenses by state gaming commissions and a permanent ban from the National Greyhound Association. The trainer of the greyhound is at all times the “absolute insurer” of the condition of the animal. The trainer is responsible for any positive test regardless of how the banned substance has entered the greyhound’s system.
Several organizations, such as British Greyhounds Retired Database, Adopt-a-Greyhound and National Greyhound Adoption Program, try to ensure that as many of the dogs as possible are adopted. Some of these groups also advocate better treatment of the dogs while at the track and/or the end of racing for profit. In recent years the racing industry has made significant progress in establishing programs for the adoption of retired racers. In addition to actively cooperating with private adoption groups throughout the country, many race tracks have established their own adoption programs at various tracks.
In recent years, several state governments in the United States have passed legislation to improve the treatment of racing dogs in their juristiction.
In venues where greyhound racing does not involve gambling, the dogs are almost invariably pets and are, therefore, generally well treated.
Over the past decade, online gambling has expanded to become a multi-billion dollar business. There are over 2,000 gambling sites worldwide; however, none of these sites are based in the United States as, the U.S. possesses stringent gambling laws. Most notably, in 2006, the U.S. Congress passed the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act.
Gamblers who are looking to stretch their gambling dollars in the midst of a sour economy have confounded American Indian nations in Wisconsin and state budget writers alike. As a more frugal clientele cuts into casino earnings, the money paid to the state under gaming compacts dwindles.
Warren — A handful of people ticketed during a raid this week on a suspected illegal gambling operation declare they’re innocent, but police say a six-month undercover investigation may prove otherwise.
Following a six-month investigation, Warren police said, they used a search warrant to access Ryan Palace Social Club, where they discovered 41 people gambling plus cards, chips and nearly $26,000 in cash.
British Columbians who log onto a government-owned gambling website will soon be able to bet thousands of dollars a week on lottery tickets, sports events and a number of online games.
Piquet is a card game for two players. It is considered by many to be one of the best two player card games. Pronounced “pee-kay” in France, it is usually pronounced “picket” in English speaking countries.
Piquet is one of the oldest card games still being played. It originated over 500 years ago, with a written reference dating back to at least 1534, in Gargantua and Pantagruel by Rabelais.
The card game Piquet is said to have derived its name from that of its inventor, who contrived it to amuse Charles VI of France. The game was played with thirty two cards, that is, discarding out of the pack all the deuces, treys, fours, fives, and sixes. Regular piquet-packs were sold. In reckoning up the points, every card counted for its value, as ten for ten, nine for nine, and so on down to seven, which was, of course, the lowest; but the ace reckoned for eleven. All court cards reckoned for ten. As in other games, the ace won the king, the king the queen, and so on, to the knave, which won the ten. The cards were dealt at option by fours, threes, or twos, to the number of twelve, which was the hand — ‘discarding’ being allowed; but both the dealer and he that led were obliged to discard at least one card. When the cards were played out, each counted his tricks; and he that had most reckoned 10 for winning the cards; if the tricks were equal, neither reckoned at all. He who, without playing (that is, according to the various terms of the game), could reckon up 30 in hand, when his antagonist reckoned nothing, scored 90 for them; this was called a repic; and all above 30 counted so many, — 32 counting 92, and so on. He who could make up 30, part in hand and part by play, before the other made anything, scored 60; this was called a pic.
The game was also played as pool precisely according to the rules briefly sketched as above, the penalty for losing being a guinea to the pool.
Piquet required much practice to play it well. It became so great a favourite that, by the middle of the 18th century, the meanest people were well acquainted with it, and ‘let into all the tricks and secrets of it, in order to render them complete sharpers.’ Such are the words of an old author, who adds that the game was liable to great imposition, and he explains the methods in use. Short cards were used for cutting, as in Whist, at the time. Of these cards there were two sorts, one longer than the rest; and the advantage gained by them was as the adversary managed it, by cutting the longer or broader, as best suited his purpose, or imposing on the dealer, when it was his turn, to cut those which made most against him. The aces, kings, queens, and knaves were marked with dots at the corners, and in the very old book from which I am quoting precise directions are given how this marking can be effected in such a manner ‘as not to be discovered by your adversary, and at the same time appear plain to yourself.’ With a fine pointed pen and some clear spring water, players made dots upon the glazed card at the corners according to the above method; or they coloured the water with india ink, to make the marks more conspicuous. The work concludes as follows: — ‘There are but 32 cards made use of at Piquet, so that just half of them will be known to you; and in dealing you may have an opportunity to give yourself those you like best; and if you cannot conveniently change the pack according to your desire, you will commonly know what you are to take in, which is a demonstrative advantage to win any one’s money.’
Although much reduced in popularity these days, Piquet continues to enjoy a small but enthusiastic following, many of whom believe it to be the equal or even the superior of Cribbage as a card game for two. One famous enthusiast for the game is the author Richard Adams.
The Seneca Gaming Corp. reported a quarterly loss of $82.7 million in its latest filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the first quarterly loss since the gambling operation began in 2002, when it opened its first casino in Niagara Falls.
During play—that is, from the flop and onwards—drawing probabilities come down to a question of outs. All situations which have the same number of outs have the same probability of winning. For example, an inside straight draw (e.g. 34 67 missing the 5 for a straight), and a full house draw (e.g. 66KK drawing for one of the pairs to become three-of-a-kind) are equivalent. Each can be satisfied by four cards—four 5s in the first case, and the other two 6s and other two kings in the second.
The probabilities of drawing these outs are easily calculated. At the flop there remain 47 unseen cards, so the probability is (outs ÷ 47). At the turn there are 46 unseen cards so the probability is (outs ÷ 46). The cumulative probability of making a hand on either the turn or river can be determined as the complement of the odds of not making the hand on the turn and not on the river. The probability of not drawing an out is (47 − outs) ÷ 47 on the turn and (46 − outs) ÷ 46 on the river; taking the complement of these conditional probabilities gives the probability of drawing the out by the river which is calculated by the formula
P = 1 – (((47 – outs)/47) x ((46-outs)/46))
For reference, the probability and odds for some of the more common numbers of outs are given here.
Likely drawing to
Outs
Make on turn
Make on river
Make on turn or river
Prob.
Odds
Prob.
Odds
Prob.
Odds
Inside straight flush; Four of a kind
1
0.0213
46.0 : 1
0.0217
45.0 : 1
0.0426
22.5 : 1
Open-ended straight flush; Three of a kind
2
0.0426
22.5 : 1
0.0435
22.0 : 1
0.0842
10.9 : 1
High pair
3
0.0638
14.7 : 1
0.0652
14.3 : 1
0.1249
7.01 : 1
Inside straight; Full house
4
0.0851
10.8 : 1
0.0870
10.5 : 1
0.1647
5.07 : 1
Three of a kind or two pair
5
0.1064
8.40 : 1
0.1087
8.20 : 1
0.2035
3.91 : 1
Either pair
6
0.1277
6.83 : 1
0.1304
6.67 : 1
0.2414
3.14 : 1
Full house or four of a kind; (see note)
Inside straight or high pair
7
0.1489
5.71 : 1
0.1522
5.57 : 1
0.2784
2.59 : 1
Open-ended straight
8
0.1702
4.88 : 1
0.1739
4.75 : 1
0.3145
2.18 : 1
Flush
9
0.1915
4.22 : 1
0.1957
4.11 : 1
0.3497
1.86 : 1
Inside straight or pair
10
0.2128
3.70 : 1
0.2174
3.60 : 1
0.3839
1.60 : 1
Open-ended straight or high pair
11
0.2340
3.27 : 1
0.2391
3.18 : 1
0.4172
1.40 : 1
Inside straight or flush; Flush or high pair
12
0.2553
2.92 : 1
0.2609
2.83 : 1
0.4496
1.22 : 1
13
0.2766
2.62 : 1
0.2826
2.54 : 1
0.4810
1.08 : 1
Open-ended straight or pair
14
0.2979
2.36 : 1
0.3043
2.29 : 1
0.5116
0.955 : 1
Open-ended straight or flush; Flush or pair;
Inside straight, flush or top pair
15
0.3191
2.13 : 1
0.3261
2.07 : 1
0.5412
0.848 : 1
16
0.3404
1.94 : 1
0.3478
1.88 : 1
0.5698
0.755 : 1
17
0.3617
1.76 : 1
0.3696
1.71 : 1
0.5976
0.673 : 1
Inside straight or flush or pair;
Open-ended straight, flush or high pair
18
0.3830
1.61 : 1
0.3913
1.56 : 1
0.6244
0.601 : 1
19
0.4043
1.47 : 1
0.4130
1.42 : 1
0.6503
0.538 : 1
20
0.4255
1.35 : 1
0.4348
1.30 : 1
0.6753
0.481 : 1
Open-ended straight, flush or pair
21
0.4468
1.24 : 1
0.4565
1.19 : 1
0.6994
0.430 : 1
Note: When drawing to a full house or four of a kind with a pocket pair that has hit trips (three of a kind) on the flop, there are 6 outs to get a full house by pairing the board and one out to make four of a kind. This means that if the turn does not pair the board or make four of a kind, there will be 3 additional outs on the river, for a total of 10, to pair the turn card and make a full house. This makes the probability of drawing to a full house or four of a kind on the turn or river 0.334 and the odds are 1.99 : 1. This makes drawing to a full house or four of a kind by the river about 8½ outs.
It is worth noting in the preceding table that if a player doesn’t fold before the river, a hand with at least 14 outs after the flop has a better than 50% chance to catch one of its outs by the river. With 20 or more outs, a hand is a better than 2 : 1 favorite to catch at least one out by the river.
MADAM Poh Choo Hwee recognises the desperate behaviour of hard-core gamblers. And the 58-year-old should know, given that her grandmother had operated an illegal gambling den out of their three-room shophouse at Geylang. Having known of horror stories where businessmen squandered their entire fortune on gambling, the mother of three grown children had then resolved not to become enslaved to the …
The founder of the online gambling site BetOnSports.com pleaded guilty on Friday to federal racketeering conspiracy and other charges, concluding years of investigating and prosecuting a case in the complex world of offshore sports gambling.
Availability error, related to the gambler’s fallacy, is the distortion of one’s perceptions of reality due to the tendency to remember one alternative outcome of a situation much more easily than another.
For example, if surrounded by slot machines people are more likely to continue feeding money into their machine, because they will occasionally see someone else win and think their chances are high of winning: they remember others winning much more readily than they remember all the times they and others have lost. The fact that somebody has won does not change the actual probability of winning, and concentrating on the number of wins fails to take into account the number of losses. People consistently make this mistake, even though the odds of winning are just as bad for the group as for the lone machine. It’s just easier to remember winnings in large groups than for the lone machine.
Other examples:
“Sorry I’m late — I hit every red light on the way here.”
Anti-”country X” sentiment escalating due to occasional unethical actions of country X.
“My friend is a choleric, a typical Aries”. (the person does not remember hundreds of untypical Aries he has met that were not choleric and falsely believes in the relation between character and the Zodiac Sign)
Availability Effects in Lethal Events
When asked to rate the probability of a variety of causes of death people tend to rate more “newsworthy” events as more likely. People often rate the chance of death by plane crash higher after plane crashes, and death by natural disaster as too likely only because these events are more reported than more common causes of death.
Similarly, in certain rare situations, safety equipment meant to save lives (e.g. seat belts) may instead hamper life-saving efforts and cause serious injury or death. Although these devices may save many more lives than they cost, only the fatalities are reported by the media, creating controversy about the risks of the safety device.
Aug. 14 (Bloomberg) — Gary S. Kaplan , the founder of the now-defunct Internet gambling firm Betonsports Plc who was indicted in 2006 for violating federal laws barring wagering, pleaded guilty to conspiracy and racketeering charges.
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Standard layout for craps (without Big 6/8)
